Above: Illustration of analytical structure how Russian Revolution in 1905 sprouted All classes, especially land and property owners, became more and more political conscious after the Russo-Japanese War. Early 1904 saw liberals active in zemstovs or assemblies. The professionals came to form their own organization called the Union of Liberation. Simultaneously the movement crossed national borders and members of the Russian Socialist Revolutionary Party joined hands with their counterparts in Finland, Poland, Georgia, Armenia to form a brotherhood aimed against the ... Read More

Above: Picture of Gen. Jozef Pilsudski In Russia there was a change of guard. Tsarist rule came to an end and the Bolsheviks came to power. The Communist now wanted to spread their ideals and influence westwards and thus came into clash with Poland. The conflict between the two nations of Russia and Poland was also due to the federalist policy perused by Pilsudski. Above: Map showing the Curzon Line (click map to enlarge) The great western powers were not clear-cut ... Read More

Above: Contrasted Map of Macedonia between 1912-1913 to present (click map to enlarge) Serbia, Greece, Romania and Bulgaria had jointly made conquests in Macedonia. But Bulgaria fell out with the others over the division of the spoils. Serbia and Greece teamed up in 1913 on 1st June and by the end of the month war broke out when Bulgaria's King Ferdinand ordered attack on their forces stationed in Macedonia. Above: Bulgarian troops with their deadly field gun deployed against the Turks ... Read More

Above: Map showing the Partition of Anatolia by Treaty of Sevres 1920 (click map to enlarge) After the end of World War I, by the Treaty of Sevres in August 1920, certain regions beyond eastern Thrace and the district of Smyrna in Anatolia had been given to Greece. The treaty had been forced upon a weak Turkey. Taking advantage of the situation Greece tried to push beyond these areas. Above: Picture of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk The Greeks were disorganized ... Read More

Above: Map during Civil War from 1936 - 1939 (click map to enlarge) In 1936 the military, supported by conservatives within the country, staged a revolt against the Republican government of Spain. In the beginning the military coup met with failure. Civil war ensued. It was bloody in its ferocity with both sides determined to win at any cost. Above: American volunteers stretching and raising their riffle The rebels, called the Nationalists, got help from Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany. On ... Read More

Above: Map of Estonia and her neighboring countries (click map to enlarge) Estonia fought for her independence from Soviet Russia. The war dragged on from November 1928 to January 1929. After the fall of Germany in November 1918, concluding World War I, the temporary government of Estonia started to operate again. It got the support of the Kaitseliit. The latter was a military alliance, which had come into existence during the time of German occupation. Above: Estonian Infantry Unit ... Read More

Above: The map of Turkey and her neighboring Countries (Click to enlarge Turkey was known as the Sick Man of European. After World War I the victorious European allies decided to slice up the Ottoman Empire. This forced the Young Turk Government (CUP) to go into exile. The Ottoman Sultan knew that it was suicidal to resist the Allies but Kemal Ataturk, the firebrand young leader refused to give up. The birth of new Turkey is a symbol of his perseverance ... Read More

Above: Map of Piedmont, Italy - battleground during France and Spain conflict In 1801 a conflict broke out between France and Spain on one side with Portugal on the other. History came to term it as the War of the Oranges Above: Portrait of Napoleon Bonaparte France under Napoleon Bonaparte, together with Spain, demanded Portugal to enter into an alliance with France. Since the time of the Anglo-Portuguese Treaty of 1373, Portugal had remained an ally of Britain. Above: Thousands ... Read More

Above: Map of Kosovo in 1875-1912 (click map to enlarge) Ottoman Empire was a Turkish state spanning three continents and had control on much of Southeastern Europe, the Middle East and North Africa. Their boundaries on control stretched the Strait of Gibraltar in the west to Persian Gulf in the east, from the edge of Slovenia in the north to Yemen in the south. Ottomans saw themselves as the rulers of a "Universal Empire" as they felt themselves heirs ... Read More

Above: Map during the Trojan War The Trojan War is said to be fought somewhere between 12th century and 13th century BC. The Trojan War started as a fight between three goddesses over an apple given to them by Eris, goddess of strife, the three goddesses Athena, Hera and Aphrodite, were supposed to choose the fairest one amongst them and receive the apple. Above: A portrait depicting the 'Trojan War' derivation The goddesses went to Paris, a Trojan to ask for ... Read More