Above: Map of Kadish Region

The Indo-Pakistani War of 1947, also known as the first Kashmir War was fought from 1947 to 1948. The dispute was over a certain part of Kashmir.

Above: Scene of the First Kadish War Action (1947)

Jammu and Kashmir was one of the many Indian states recognized by the British. Both India and Pakistan laid claims to the state. The Maharaja of Kashmir, Hari Singh wanted to remain independent by deploying dilatory tactics.

Above: State of Indian subcontinent after British haste exit

At the time of British withdrawal the state was occupied by the pro-Pakistani tribals from the North West Frontier Province as well as by Pakistani troops. This forced the Maharaja to opt for India and the latter rushed troops into the region. Thus the war began. Till date Pakistan claims that since the majority are Muslims Pakistan has a better claim to it. But India says that 48% belong to other communities like Sikhs, Buddhists and Hindus etc.

Above: Dogra officers slaughtered during the war

The advantage was apparently with the Pakistani supported local paramilitary known as the Azad Kashmir force. Azad means ‘free’. Pakistan was of the view that with the increase in hostilities the ratio in favour of Pakistan would increase. Before the war the forces of Jammu and Kashmir were spread around the border as a response to militant activity. The British were suspected of having a hand in the arrest and murder of a Dogra Officer in the Gilgit region for supporting the tribal Islamic factions.

Above: Animation of Middle-East cease-fire definition

By 1948 the fronts of both India and Pakistan had solidified with neither side having got much of an advantage. Support for Azad Kashmir became gradually more overt. Cease-fire was declared on 31st December 1948. By the end of the war India had been able to take possession of two thirds of Kashmir.

Below: The flag of Azad Kashmir

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